安徽(Anhui),亦作Anhwei。
中国中央东部省份(1996年人口约60,130,000)。中国最小的省份之一。省会合肥(Hefei)市。地跨长江和淮河两流域,淮河沿岸及其以北地区为皖北平原,是黄河大平原的一部分。江、淮之间的皖中山地丘陵是淮阳山地的组成部分,为长江、淮河两水系的分水岭。大别山耸峙於皖西边境,以东属丘陵岗地。巢湖水面积约800平方公里,为中国五大淡水湖之一,周围形成巢湖平原。长江两岸为皖中平原,是长江中下游平原的一部分;以南为皖南山地,主要由黄山、九华山、天目山等组成;山间谷地冲积形成宣城芜湖盆地和屯溪盆地。黄山主峰莲花峰海拔1,873公尺,为全省最高点。南北气候有明显差异,植被也相应递变,大别山区和皖南山地是本省重点林区。煤矿、磁铁矿、黄铜矿储量丰富,为中国煤炭、冶金生产的重要省区之一。手工艺品以徽墨、徽笔、歙砚、宣纸最负盛名,誉为「文房四宝」。茶、桑、麻的种植和手工纺织业具有悠久历史,水稻和小麦是两大重要作物。亦是中国重点烤烟产地之一,祁门红茶、屯溪绿茶、黄山毛峰、六安瓜片等都是上品。家畜饲养普遍,寒羊是皖北名产,皖南和大别山区桑蚕饲养业较盛。巢湖和长江富渔产,扬子鳄为国家保护的稀有动物。本省是中国东部铁路交通和长江航运的重要环节,芜湖、铜陵、马鞍山、安庆为长江航运重要港口。有中国科学技术大学等高等学校及两百多个科学研究机构。黄山、九华山、滁州市琅琊山为驰名中外的风景旅游区。面积139,900平方公里。
English version:
Anhui
Province (pop., 1996 est.: 60,130,000), eastern central China. It is one of China's smallest provinces; its capital is Hefei. Anhui was the first part of southern China to be settled by the Han, in the later part of the 1st millennium BC. Well-watered by the Huai and Chang (Yangtze) rivers, it was the empire's major agricultural area for several centuries. Anhui was ruled by the Ming dynasty in the 14th-17th century. It was occupied by the Japanese in World War II; after the war, the Nationalists held it briefly before the Communists took over. It is a notable agricultural producer.