历史编纂(historiography)
指撰写历史。尤其首先要严格审查资料来源，然後从那些资料里择取特定的史实，再把它们综合成经得起批评的记叙文字。西方修史的传统自始就有两大趋势：一种认为历史是史料记录的积累，另一种则认为历史是解释因果关系的故事叙述。西元前5世纪希腊历史学家希罗多德以及後来的修昔提底斯强调在叙述当代发生的事件时必须要获取第一手资料。到了4世纪，基督教的历史编纂成了主流，他们的观点是：世界历史是神涉入了世人生活的结果。这个观点在中世纪盛行不衰，反映在像比得这样的史学家的着作中，人文主义以及逐渐世俗化的批判思想影响了早期的当代欧洲历史编纂。19和20世纪看到了科学历史的近代历史研究方法，以使用原始来源的资料为基础。现代的历史学家以描述过去的较完整的图画为目的，试图重新建立关於普通人的活动和实践的记录。在这方面法国的年监学派是有影响力的。
English version：
historiography
Writing of history, especially that based on the critical examination of sources and the synthesis of chosen particulars from those sources into a narrative that will stand the test of critical methods. Two major tendencies in history writing are evident from the beginnings of the Western tradition: the concept of historiography as the accumulation of records and the concept of history as storytelling, filled with explanations of cause and effect. In the 5th century BC the Greek historians Herodotus and, later, Thucydides emphasized firsthand inquiry in their efforts to impose a narrative on contemporary events. The dominance of Christian historiography by the 4th century introduced the idea of world history as a result of divine intervention in human affairs, an idea that prevailed throughout the Middle Ages in the work of such historians as Bede. Humanism and the gradual secularization of critical thought influenced early modern European historiography. The 19th and 20th century saw the development of modern methods of historical investigation of scientific history based on the use of primary source materials. Modern historians, aiming for a fuller picture of the past, have tried to reconstruct a record of ordinary human activities and practices; the French Annales school has been influential in this respect.
