乌干达(Uganda)
正式名称乌干达共和国（Republic of Uganda）
东非内陆国家。面积241,040平方公里。人口约23,986,000（2001）。首都︰坎帕拉。有许多不同民族的聚集地，以及很少但具有影响力的亚洲社会。语言︰英语和斯瓦希里语（均为官方语）。宗教：天主教、伊斯兰教、基督教及传统信仰。全境大部分位於高原，东部和西部边界有一连串火山，埃尔贡山是全国最高点，维多利亚湖占据乌干达东南部，其他大湖包括艾伯特湖、基奥加湖、乔治湖、爱德华湖和比西纳湖。尼罗河横贯其境。有许多土地规画为国家公园和禁猎区。经济主要以农业和食品加工为基础。畜牧和渔业也很重要，也有制造业和采矿业。政府形式是共和国，一院制。国家元首暨政府首脑为总统。
到19世纪时，该区已形成几个独立王国，有多种民族定居於此，包括操班图语和尼罗语的民族。1840年代阿拉伯商人来到乌干达。1862年第一批欧洲探险家造访布干达王国。1870年代首批新教和天主教的传教士抵达该区。1894年正式宣布布干达为英国保护地。1962年以乌干达的名义获得独立，1967年颁布共和国新宪法。1971年发生一场军事政变推翻文人政府，由阿敏的军事政权统治，1978年底阿敏率军入侵坦尚尼亚，导致其政权崩溃。1985年文人政府又被军人推翻。1986年轮到军事政府被推翻。1995年立宪会议颁布新宪法。
English version：
Uganda
Nation, eastern Africa. Area: 93,070 sq mi (241,040 sq km). Population (1997 est.): 20,605,000. Capital: Kampala. There are dozens of African ethnic groups, as well as a small but influential Asian community. Languages: English (official), Swahili. Religions: Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, Islam, and indigenous beliefs. Currency: Ugandan shilling. A landlocked country on the equator, Uganda is largely situated on a plateau, with volcanic mountains edging its eastern and western borders; Mt Elgon is the highest peak. Part of Lake Victoria occupies virtually all of southeastern Uganda; other major lakes are Lakes Albert, Kyoga, Edward, George, and Bisina. The Nile River traverses it. Huge tracts of land are devoted to national parks and game reserves. The economy is based largely on agriculture and food processing. Livestock raising and fishing are also important, and there is some manufacturing and mining. It is a republic with one legislative house; its head of state and government is the president. By the 19th century the region comprised several separate kingdoms inhabited by various peoples, including Bantu- and Nilotic-speaking tribes. Arab traders reached the area in the 1840s. The native kingdom of Buganda was visited by the first European explorers in 1862. Protestant and Catholic missionaries arrived in the 1870s, and the development of religious factions led to persecution and civil strife. In 1894 Buganda was formally proclaimed a British protectorate. As Uganda, it gained its independence in 1962, and in 1967 it adopted a republican constitution. The civilian government was overthrown in 1971 and replaced by a military regime under Idi Amin. His invasion of Tanzania in late 1978 resulted in the collapse of his regime. The civilian government was again deposed by the military in 1985, which in turn was overthrown in 1986. A constituent assembly enacted a new constitution in 1995.
