君士坦丁堡会议(381年)
Constantinople, Council of
基督教第二次普世会议，由皇帝狄奥多西一世召开，在君士坦丁堡举行。在教义方面，颁布了《尼西亚信经》，同时最终宣布了关於圣灵与圣父及圣子地位平等的三一论教义。这次会议所发布的教规之一规定，君士坦丁堡主教的荣誉仅次於教宗。应召与会的只有东方教会主教，但希腊方面声称这次会议是大公会议。罗马教会似乎承认了这次会议所颁布的信经，但是不承认其教规，尤其是关於君士坦丁堡尊位的教规（只有在13世纪时才承认）。尽管如此，东方教会和西方教会都承认此次会议为大公会议。第二次君士坦丁堡会议於533年举行，由查士丁尼一世召开；这次会议支持基督一性论，贬低稍早的卡尔西顿会议。第三次君士坦丁堡会议於680年举行，谴责基督一志论派。第四次君士坦丁堡会议根据巴西尔一世的建议於869～870年召开，结果是对君士坦丁堡牧首圣佛提乌处以绝罚，并加深了东西方教会间的仇恨。
English version：
381年
Constantinople, Council of
Second ecumenical council of the Christian church, summoned by Emperor Theodosius I. It promulgated the Nicene Creed and declared finally the Trinitarian doctrine of the equality of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. It gave the bishop of Constantinople honor second only to that of the pope. Only Eastern bishops were summoned to the Council, but the Greeks claimed that it was ecumenical. It did come to be so regarded, though the Western Church did not accept the ranking of Constantinople as second to Rome until the 13th century. The Second Council of Constantinople, held in 553, was called by Justinian I; by endorsing an edict of Justinian's it lent support to Monophysitism and diminished the earlier Council of Chalcedon. The Third Council of Constantinople, held in 680, condemned the Monothelites, who claimed that Christ had a single will despite his two natures. The Fourth Council of Constantinople, held in 869-70 at the suggestion of Basil I, resulted in the excommunication of St. Photius and increased the animosity between the Eastern and Western churches.
