罗马式艺术(Romanesque art)
约1075～1125年在西欧达到高潮的雕刻和绘画艺术。融合了罗马艺术、加洛林王朝艺术、奥托艺术、拜占庭艺术和当地的日耳曼艺术传统。10～11世纪修道院的扩张，使得沈寂了六百多年纪念性雕刻艺术得以复苏。浮雕雕刻是将有关圣经的历史和教会教义写在柱头或教堂的大门上。自然界物体被自由挥洒为视觉形象，以抽象的线形设计和扭曲变形的表现，产生了渲染力。在手抄本装饰画里的大写字母和边页装饰也可看出线形风格化设计。罗马式艺术关注超自然的价值，同古典主义早期和後来的哥德式艺术的传统的自然主义和人文主义形成强烈的对比。模仿雕刻的纪念性绘画占据了教堂的内墙。无论绘画还是雕刻，题材范围十分广泛，还包括神学作品在内，反映出学术的复苏。亦请参阅Romanesque architecture。
English version：
Romanesque art
Sculpture and painting that reached its height in Western Europe c. 1075-1125, a fusion of Roman, Carolingian and Ottonian, and Byzantine art with local Germanic traditions. The expansion of monasticism in the 10th-11th century revived the art of monumental sculpture after almost 600 years of dormancy. Relief sculpture depicted biblical history and church doctrine on column capitals and around the massive doors of churches. Natural objects were freely transformed into visionary images that derive their power from abstract linear design and expressive distortion. Linear stylization is seen also in the capital letters and marginal decoration of illuminated manuscripts. Romanesque art was concerned with transcendental values, in sharp contrast to the naturalism and humanism of the earlier classical and later Gothic art traditions. Monumental painting that imitated the sculptural style covered the interior walls of churches. Both sculpture and painting incorporated a broad range of subject matter, including theological works, reflecting the revival of learning. See also Romanesque architecture.
