苏格兰女王玛丽(1542～1587年)
Mary, Queen of Scots，原名玛丽.斯图亚特（Mary Stuart）。
苏格兰女王（1542～1567年在位）。父亲詹姆斯五世在她出生六天後去世，玛丽随即成为女王。後来她被母亲吉斯家族的玛丽.吉斯送到法国，在法国国王亨利二世的宫廷中长大。1558年，她嫁给了亨利二世的儿子弗朗西斯二世。弗朗西斯统治了很短的时间（1559～1560）就英年早逝了，於是玛丽回到了苏格兰（1561）。在苏格兰，人们嫌弃她的天主教出生背景而不信任她。1565年，这位漂亮的红发女王嫁给了她野心勃勃的堂兄弟亨利.斯图亚特，即达恩里勳爵，从此她成为了苏格兰贵族间阴谋的受害者。达恩利同苏格兰贵族合谋杀害了她的心腹里奇奥。1566年她生下儿子詹姆斯（即後来的英格兰国王詹姆斯一世）後，她就与达恩利伯爵疏远了。1567年，达恩里被谋杀。此後她不顾猜疑的苏格兰贵族的反对，嫁给了詹姆士.赫伯恩，即被认为是杀害达恩里的嫌疑犯之一的博思韦尔伯爵（1535年～1578）。反叛的贵族在卡百里山背弃了她的军队，还强迫她将王位传给她的儿子（1567）。几番试图重夺王位失败後，玛丽选择到英格兰的堂姐妹伊莉莎白一世处避难。伊莉莎白一世却将她囚禁。支援玛丽的英格兰天主教徒连番起义，於是伊莉莎白一世将玛丽提交审讯并判她有罪。1587年玛丽在福勒林黑城堡被斩首处死。
English version：
1542～1587年
Mary, Queen of Scots
Queen of Scotland (1542-67). She became queen when her father, James V (1512-42), died six days after her birth. She was sent by her mother, Mary of Guise, to be raised at the court of the French king Henry II and was married in 1558 to his son Francis II. After Francis's brief rule as king (1559-60) ended with his premature death, Mary returned to Scotland (1561), where she was distrusted because of her Catholic upbringing. In 1565 the beautiful, redhaired queen married her ambitious cousin Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, and became a victim of intrigues among the Scottish nobles. Darnley conspired with them to murder her confidant David Riccio. After the birth of her son James (later James I of England) in 1566, Mary was estranged from Darnley, who was murdered in 1567. Ignoring objections by the jealous Scottish nobility, she married James Hepburn, earl of Bothwell (1535?-1578), a suspect in Darnley's murder. The rebellious nobles deserted her army at Carberry Hill and forced her to abdicate in favor of her son (1567). After failed attempts to win back the throne, she sought refuge in England with her cousin Elizabeth I, who arranged to keep her in captivity. Several uprisings by English Catholics in Mary's favor convinced Elizabeth to have Mary tried and condemned; she was beheaded at Fotheringhay Castle in 1587.
