蒙德里安(1872～1944年)
Mondrian, Piet，原名Pieter Cornelis Mondriaan。
荷兰画家。其父为一所喀尔文教会小学的校长。在父亲的坚持下，他拿了一个学位，但其後立即开始学习绘画课程。1893年首批作品展出，这些作品承袭了荷兰风景画和静物画的主流趋势。後来他与传统决裂，成为风格派的代表人物。1920年左右发表的《论新造型主义》表达了他的成熟风格，即基於直线、直角、三原色和白、灰、黑之间最简单的协调组合（如《黄色和蓝色的构图》，1929），以纯粹客观的眼光来看待现实。此後的二十年里他的绘画一直有新造型主义的风格，直到他逃离战乱的巴黎，先去了伦敦，1940年来到纽约。城市生活脉动和美国音乐的新节奏激发了他的灵感，他放弃了简朴冷峻的构图风格，代之以一系列小方块和矩形，联结成了斑斓的垂直和水平直线的有节奏的流动。他後期的杰作（如《百老汇布吉－伍吉》，1942～1943）就表达了这一活泼的新风格。他的成就对20世纪的艺术、建筑和图形设计产生了深远的影响。
English version：
1872～1944年
Mondrian, Piet
Dutch painter. At the insistence of his father, headmaster of a Calvinist school, he obtained an education degree, but then immediately began taking painting lessons. His first paintings, which followed the prevailing trend of Dutch landscape and still-life painting, were exhibited in 1893. Later he broke away from tradition and became a leading figure in De Stijl. His mature style emerged around 1920 in “Neoplasticism,” intended as a purely objective vision of reality, based on the simplest harmonies of straight line, right angle, and the primary colors plus black, white, and gray (e.g., Composition in Yellow and Blue, 1929). He painted in the Neoplastic style for the next 20 years, until he fled war-torn Paris for London and then New York in 1940. Inspired by the city's pulsating life and the new rhythms of U.S. music, he replaced his austere patterns with a series of small squares and rectangles that coalesced into a flow of colorful vertical and horizontal lines. His late masterpieces (e.g., Broadway Boogie-Woogie, 1942-43) express this new vivacity. His work exerted a profound influence on 20th-century art, architecture, and graphic design.
