鲉(scorpion fish)
鲉科,特别是属多种食肉海鱼的统称,广布於温带和热带水域。头大而多刺,鳍棘粗强,有的还带毒。许多品种的体色晦暗,因此与周围环境混杂在一起,但有些品种的体色鲜艳,常呈红色。最大品种体长约1公尺。常静伏海底,处於岩礁之间。
English version:
scorpion fish
Any of the numerous species of carnivorous marine fish of the family Scorpaenidae, especially those in the genus Scorpaena, widely distributed in temperate and tropical waters. They have large, spiny heads and strong, sometimes venomous, fin spines. Many species blend with their surroundings by virtue of their dull color, but some are brightly colored, often red. The largest species grow to about 40 in. (1 m) long. Scorpion fish lie quietly on the bottom, often among rocks.
补充:
许多鮋靠身体颜色及(某些种)靠头、体上各式各样的瓣片和突出物与周围环境密切混为一体。鮋类著名种类有鲈鮋和蓑鮋。
鲉形目鲉科的1属,约50种,通称鲉。体长约达300毫米。体延长,侧扁。头大,侧扁,具棘棱及皮瓣。吻圆钝,背面中央隆起。眼中大,上侧位;眼间隔凹入,中央具一纵沟。眶前骨具3棘,第三棘大且斜向下方;眶下棱明显,口大,端位,斜裂。上下颌、犁骨及腭骨均具绒毛状牙群。鳃孔宽大,鳃盖膜不连鳃峡,前鳃盖骨边缘具5棘。体被栉鳞或圆鳞,头部无鳞。侧线一条,斜直。背鳍Ⅻ-8~9,鳍棘部与鳍条部间有一缺刻;臀鳍Ⅲ-5~6,胸鳍宽大,圆形,上部鳍条分枝,下部鳍条不分枝;腹鳍Ⅰ-5,亚胸位;尾鳍圆截形。广布于各热带暖水海区。
鲉为浅海底层中小型鱼类,栖息于沙底、岩礁、珊瑚和海藻丛中,体态与环境相似,具保护色。具有伏击活的食饵的习性。食鱼类、甲壳类和软体动物等。春季产卵,卵为浮性。有周期性脱皮现象,摄食愈剧烈,脱皮次数愈多。鳍棘基部有毒腺,人被刺后,极为疼痛。在台湾又名为石狗公。
中国现有3种:①裸胸鲉,胸部无鳞,上腋部有一扁平皮瓣,中国沿海均产;②斑鳍鲉,胸部有鳞,上腋部无皮瓣,分布于中国沿海;③冠棘鲉,有额棘,背鳍鳍棘部有一大黑斑,产南海。肉味鲜美。