科摩罗(Comoros)
全名科摩罗伊斯兰联邦共和国（Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros）。非洲东南部沿海的伊斯兰共和国。面积2,235平方公里。人口约566,000（2001）。首都︰莫罗尼。岛民种族繁多，马来移民、阿拉伯商人及来自马达加斯加和非洲大陆的民族。语言︰科摩罗语（一种班图语）、阿拉伯语和法语（官方语）。宗教：伊斯兰教（国教）。货币︰科摩罗法郎（CF）。科摩罗由非洲大陆和马达加斯加之间的群岛组成，包含了大科摩罗、莫埃利和安如昂等岛屿，但不包括马约特岛。岛上多岩石，土层薄，缺港口。最小岛屿莫埃利岛有肥沃的山谷和森林茂密的山坡。最高峰卡尔塔拉为一活火山，海拔2,361公尺。属热带气候。是世界最贫穷国家之一，经济以自给农业为基础。政府现处於过渡状态下，国家元首暨政府首脑是总统。
已知自16世纪欧洲航海家踏上该岛。当时及其後较长时期受阿拉伯人支配。1843年法国正式占领马约特岛，1886年将其他三岛也纳入保护之下。1914年科摩罗隶属马达加斯加总督管辖。1947年成为法国海外领地。1961年科摩罗群岛获准自治。1974年三岛岛民大多数投票要求独立，1975年获准，接下来的数年内发生多次政变，1989年总统遇刺身亡，达到顶点。法国介入科摩罗，准许1990年举行多党的总统选举，但国家仍然处於长期混乱不稳定的状态。1999年政府落入军人手中。
English version：
Comoros
Islamic republic off the eastern coast of Africa. Area: 863 sq mi (2,235 sq km). Population (1997): 514,000. Capital: Moroni. The people are a mixture of Malay immigrants, Arab traders, and peoples from Madagascar and continental Africa. Languages: Comorian (a Bantu language), Arabic, French (all official). Religion: Islam (official). Currency: Comorian franc. Comoros comprises a group of islands between Madagascar and the mainland that includes Grande Comore (Njazidja), Mohéli (Mwali), and Anjouan (Nzwani) but excludes Mayotte. They are generally rocky, with shallow soils and poor harbors, though Mohéli, the smallest, has fertile valleys and forested hillsides. Mount Karthala, an active volcano, is the highest point, at 7,746 ft (2,361 m). The climate is tropical. One of the world's poorest nations, its economy is based on subsistence agriculture. The usual head of state and government is the president. Known to European navigators since the 16th century, the dominant influence on the islands was then and for long afterward Arab. In 1843 France officially took possession of Mayotte and in 1886 placed the other three islands under protection. Subordinated to Madagascar in 1914, the Comoros became an overseas territory of France in 1947. In 1961 they were granted autonomy. In 1974 majorities on three of the islands voted for independence, which was granted in 1975. The following decade saw several coup attempts, culminating in the assassination of the president in 1989. French intervention permitted multiparty elections in 1990, but the country remained in a state of chronic instability. In 1999 the army took control of the government.
