重农主义者(physiocrat)
在18世纪法国建立的一个经济学派的成员，认为政府政策不应干预自然经济法则的作用，相信土地是一切财富的源泉。一般认为它是第一个科学的经济学派。重农主义派（该词在语源上意味着「自然法则」）由魁奈创立，他阐述了工场和农场之间的经济关系，并断定只有农场才会增加社会财富。重农主义者设想一个成文法和自然法协调的社会。他们描绘出一种农业占支配地位的社会，攻击重商主义，因为它强调生产和对外贸易以及大量的经济规则。魁奈的追随者包括米拉波和内穆尔（Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours, 1739～1817）。1768年左右该学派开始势衰，1776年亲该学派的总审计长被免职以後，重农主义的领袖遭到流放。尽管他们的许多理论（主要是财富理论）後来都被推翻，但他们为经济引入了科学方法，对这门学科产生了深远影响。
English version：
physiocrat
Member of a school of economics, founded in 18th-century France, that held that government should not interfere with the operation of natural economic laws and that land is the source of all wealth. It is generally regarded as the first scientific school of economics. The physiocratic school (the name refers to the “rule of nature”) was founded by Francois Quesnay, who demonstrated the economic relation between a workshop and a farm and asserted that the farm alone added to a nation's wealth. The physiocrats envisaged a society in which written law would be in harmony with natural law. They pictured a predominantly agricultural society, attacking mercantilism for its emphasis on manufacturing and foreign trade and its mass of economic regulations. Quesnay's disciples included Victor Riqueti, the comte de Mirabeau, and Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours (1739-1817). The school was in decline by 1768, and after the dismissal of a sympathetic comptroller general in 1776 the leading physiocrats were exiled. Though many of their theories, notably their theory of wealth, were later demolished, their introduction of scientific method to economics had a permanent effect on the discipline.
