费尔丁(1707～1754年)
Fielding, Henry
英国小说家和剧作家。曾就读於伊顿公学。一生共写了二十五部剧本，全部都是早期的作品，内容均为讽刺当时的政治腐败现象；由於语言犀利，後被逐出戏剧界，所以他开始学习法律。1748年被任命为地方治安法官，他在伦敦地区建立了新的司法传统和有力地打击了当地的犯罪活动。他可能写了《夏美勒.安德鲁斯夫人生平的辩护》（1941）以讽刺理查生的小说《帕美勒》，其中嘲笑了理查生的温情主义和谨小慎微的道德观。《约瑟夫.安德鲁斯》（1742）也是一本嘲笑理查生的小说。《汤姆.琼斯》（1749）是他最受欢迎的作品，书中刻画了众多人物，描写伦敦和外省上、下层社会鲜明对照的生活。而《阿米丽亚》（1751）这部书主要反映了维多利亚时代和社会的罪恶和弊病。这些作品发展出英国小说的那种全面反映当代社会的写实主义传统。
English version：
1707～1754年
Fielding, Henry
British novelist and playwright. He attended Eton College but left early and lost his family's support. In his 25 plays, all written early, he was essentially a satirist of political corruption; because of his sharp commentary he was eventually effectively banished from the theater, whereupon he took up the study of law. In 1748 he was appointed a magistrate, in which role he established a new tradition of justice and suppression of crime in London. He probably wrote Shamela (1741), a burlesque of Samuel Richardson's Pamela that he never claimed. In the entertaining and original Joseph Andrews (1742) he also parodies Richardson's novel. Tom Jones (1749), his most popular work, is noted for its great comic gusto, vast gallery of characters, and contrasted scenes of high- and lowlife. The more sober Amelia (1751) anticipates the Victorian domestic novel. In these works he helped develop the English novel as a planned, realistic narrative genre surveying contemporary society.
