爪哇(Java)，亦作Djawa。
印尼岛屿，位於马来西亚和苏门答腊东南，系印尼共和国的第四大岛，但拥有全国人口的一半以上，而且在政治上和经济上均处支配地位。面积为132,187平方公里（51,038平方哩，包括近海的马都拉岛）。雅加达既是国家首都，也是爪哇首府。岛上最高点是活火山塞梅鲁山，海拔3,676公尺。岛上住有三个主要的种族集团，即爪哇人（占总人口的70%）、巽他人和马都拉人。岛上曾发现直立人，或称「爪哇人」的化石，表明早在八十万年以前爪哇岛已为人类活动的场所。约在西元1世纪印度商人来到爪哇，带来印度教的影响。1293年在东部爪哇建立了麻喏巴歇王朝，16世纪初逐渐消亡，此时穆斯林王国开始兴起。1619年荷属东印度公司迅速控制了雅加达，并把势力范围扩大。荷兰人持续统治到1940年代爪哇被日军占领为止。1950年成为新独立的印尼共和国的一部分。人口约105,560,200（1988）。
English version：
Java
Island (pop., 1988 est.: 105,560,000), Indonesia. Lying southeast of Malaysia and Sumatra, it is Indonesia's fourth largest island and contains more than half of the republic's population. Its area, including offshore Madura Island, is 51,038 sq mi (132,187 sq km). The capital of Java and of the republic is Jakarta. The island's highest point is Mount Semeru, an active volcano measuring 12,060 ft (3,676 m) high. It is inhabited by three major ethnic groups: the Javanese (who constitute 70% of the population), the Sundanese, and the Madurese. The fossilized remains of Homo erectus, or “Java man,” indicate that the island was occupied 800,000 years ago. Indian traders began arriving in the 1st century AD, bringing Hindu influences. The Majapahit dynasty was founded in eastern Java in 1293; it fell early in the 16th century when Muslim kingdoms arose. In 1619 the Dutch East India Co. took control of Batavia (Jakarta), and extended its influence. Ruled by the Dutch until the 1940s when it was occupied by Japan, it became part of the newly independent Republic of Indonesia in 1950.
