电脑程式(program, computer)
一组有条理的指令,让电脑能够执行特定的工作。程式的准备工作最初是将作业公式化,然後以适当的程式语言陈述出来。程式设计人员可能用机器语言或组合语言来工作,不过大多数应用程式设计人员是用高阶语言(如BASIC或C++),或是更近似人类沟通模式的第四代语言。接着将程式翻译成指令成为机器语言,给电脑使用。程式储存於永久性介质(如硬碟)并载入随机存取记忆体而由电脑处理器执行,一次只执行程式内的一个指令。程式通常分为应用程式与系统程式。应用程式执行如文书处理、资料库功能或存取网际网路等工作。系统程式控制电脑本身的功能;作业系统是极大的程式,控制电脑操作、档案交换以及其他程式的作业。
English version:
program, computer
Set of ordered instructions that enable a computer to carry out a specific task. A program is prepared by first formulating the task and then expressing it in an appropriate programming language. Programmers may work in machine language or in assembly languages. But most applications programmers use one of the high-level languages (such as BASIC or C++) or fourth-generation languages that more closely resemble human communication. Other programs then translate the instructions into machine language for the computer to use. Programs are stored on permanent media (such as a hard disk), and loaded into RAM to be executed by the computer's processor, which executes each instruction in the program, one at a time. Programs are often divided into applications and system programs. Applications perform tasks such as word processing, database functions, or accessing the Internet. System programs control the functioning of the computer itself; an operating system is a very large program that controls the operations of the computer, the transfer of files, and the processing of other programs.