东京(Tokyo)
旧称江户（Edo，1868年以前）
日本城市，首都，位於本州东南部。当地自古以来便有人居住。在1603年被选作德川幕府的首府之前，江户作为一个小渔村已存在了数百年。19世纪这里已成为世界上最大的城市之一，人口超过一百万。在明治维新时期，江户於1868年改名东京，取代京都成为帝国首都。1923年的一次毁灭性地震摧毁了城市的大部，导致十多万人死亡，但到1930年城市已大部重建完成。第二次世界大战中美国的轰炸又使东京不得不在战後再次重建。1964年的夏季奥运会在这里举行。东京如今是日本的行政管理、文化、经济、商业以及教育中心，同时也是它周围工业密集的郊区的一个集散中心。当地的旅游景点主要有由石砌的护城河以及宽敞的庭园所围护的皇苑，此外还有众多庙宇和神庙。东京有约150所高等院校，其中包括创立於1877年的东京大学。人口11,772,000（1995）。
English version：
Tokyo
City (pop., 1995: 11,772,000), capital of Japan, southeastern Honshu. The site has been inhabited since ancient times, and the small fishing village of Edo existed there for centuries before it became the capital of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1603. By the 19th century it was one of the largest cities in the world, with a population exceeding 1,000,000. Under the Meiji Restoration, in 1868 it replaced Kyoto as the imperial capital, and Edo was renamed Tokyo. A devastating earthquake in 1923 destroyed most of the city and killed more than 100,000 people, but it was largely rebuilt by 1930. Much of it also had to be reconstructed after World War II due to U.S. bombing. The Summer Olympic Games were held there in 1964. It is the administrative, cultural, financial, commercial, and educational center of Japan, and the center of an extensive complex of industrial suburbs. Attractions include the Imperial Palace, encircled by stone-walled moats and broad gardens, and numerous temples and shrines. There are some 150 institutions of higher learning, including the University of Tokyo (1877).
