日本建筑(Japanese architecture)
日本传统建筑。早期的日本建筑风格是约出现於西元前400年、由草舖成屋顶的矮房或以茅草为顶的谷仓，以及由土堆成的墓穴（kofun）。佛教寺院则是依中国及韩国的样式修改而成，讲求对称、繁复的边缘装饰，有蜿蜒的回廊，有时会有佛塔（pagoda）、金堂（Golden Hall; kondo）、钟楼（belfry）及住宿区。瓷砖、石头和木材为屋顶的必要建材，屋体结构则以石头为基底的木柱支撑，平面结构则复杂程度不一。法隆寺（Horyu-ji）以不对称的设计和轮廓则为日式建筑中的异数。家居建筑的则以中规中矩的乡村建物为其特色，有简洁的观赏庭院、走廊及推开後即可远观自然景致的拉门，而改良的茶室及书房（tsuke shoin）则是为了符合沈思的需求而制。由於19世纪晚期快速吸收西方科技，日本建筑亦开始以砖块、石块和强化水泥取代木材。战後日本最大的建筑成就即在传统形式的当代诠释。参阅shinden-zukuri、shoin-zukuri、sukiya style。
English version：
Japanese architecture
Building traditions of Japan. Early building types were the grass-roofed pit house, raised thatched-roof granary (c. 400 BC), and mound tomb (kofun). Buddhist temples were first modeled on the Chinese and Korean form, a symmetrical complex bordered by a continuous roofed cloister usually containing a pagoda, Golden Hall (kondo), belfry, and living quarters. Roof tiles, stone, and wood were the essential materials. Structures relied on wood pillars placed on stone bases; horizontal elements were added in varying degrees of complexity. With Horyu-ji finally appeared the distinctive Japanese approach: asymmetrical layouts following the contours of the land. Domestic architecture became marked by unpretentiously rustic buildings, meticulously designed viewing gardens, verandas, and sliding panels offering vistas on nature. The need for a place of contemplation led to the evolution of both the tea room and study room (tsuke shoin). The late 19th century saw a rapid assimilation of Western technology, with brick, stone, and reinforced concrete displacing wood. Postwar Japan's finest architectural achievements are in contemporary interpretations of traditional forms. See also shinden-zukuri, shoin-zukuri, sukiya style.
