窗花格(tracery)
建筑中用於窗上的装饰性的棂条或肋材，尤其是哥特式窗户上的装饰性透孔织物。最初采用花格窗时，是在一个大拱下面把两三扇狭长的拱窗紧密组合在一起，大小拱之间的墙面上有空心的圆圈或四条裂缝。板状窗花格的复杂性不断增加，在沙特尔大教堂上达到顶峰。约在1220年以後，开始用直棂或直棒把窗户分为细格，它们在窗户顶端出现分支，形成棂条窗花格的图案。精心制作的棂条窗花格很快成为哥德式建筑最重要的组成部分之一，也是其最精美的成就之一，法国辐射式风格中的圆花窗上的窗花格就是如此。平行的英国装饰风格的棂条窗花格以圆圈、拱形、三叶形和四叶形为基础，形成网状图案。到14世纪末，垂直式风格建筑采用延展至主要拱形顶端的直线棂条来代替曲线花格，中间有横向的棂条相连。
English version：
tracery
In architecture, bars or ribs used decoratively in windows, especially the ornamental openwork in Gothic windows. In the earliest phase, two or three narrow, arched windows were placed close together under a single large arch, with the section of wall between the small and large arches pierced by a circular or four-lobed opening. The complexity of this plate tracery increased, reaching a climax in the magnificent windows of Chartres Cathedral. After c. 1220 windows began to be subdivided by mullions, or upright bars, that continued at the head of the window to branch and form the patterns of bar tracery. Elaborate bar tracery soon became one of the most important elements of Gothic architecture and one of its finest achievements, as in the rose windows of the French Rayonnant style. The bar tracery of the parallel English Decorated style formed netlike patterns based on the circle, arch, trefoil, and quatrefoil. By the late 14th century, the Perpendicular style replaced curvilinear tracery with straight mullions extending to the top of the main arch, connected at intervals by horizontal bars.
